General Tolerances for Linear, Angular & Geometric Features

ISO 2768 General
Tolerances, Decoded

"ISO 2768-mK" is the most common tolerance note on machining drawings — and the most misread. The complete f/m/c/v and H/K/L tables, what they cover, and where they stop.

Part 1: f · m · c · v Part 2: H · K · L Full Value Tables ISO 22081 Status Note
01
Reading the Call-out
What "2768-mK" actually invokes
02
Part 1 — Linear Tables
f / m / c / v with chamfers & angles
03
How the Bands Grow
Tolerance vs. size, visualised
04
Part 2 — Geometric Tables
H / K / L: flatness, squareness, run-out
05
Current Status
ISO 2768-2 vs. ISO 22081:2021
06
Limits & FAQ
When general tolerances are not enough
Section 01

What "ISO 2768-mK" on a drawing means

ISO 2768 supplies the tolerances for every dimension the drawing does not tolerance individually — one lower-case letter for lengths and angles, one capital for geometry.

The Rule

Two letters, two parts of the standard

The lower-case letter selects the linear/angular class from Part 1f (fine), m (medium), c (coarse), v (very coarse). The capital letter selects the geometric class from Part 2H, K or L.

So "ISO 2768-mK" means: medium general tolerances on untoleranced lengths and angles, class-K general limits on straightness, flatness, perpendicularity, symmetry and run-out.

Precedence rule: any individually toleranced dimension or fit (H7, g6 …) always overrides the general value. General tolerances only fill the gaps.
Decoded
ISO 2768 – m K Part 1 · linear & angular f fine · m medium c coarse · v very coarse Part 2 · geometric H tightest · K medium L widest
Section 02

Part 1 — linear dimensions, permissible deviations (mm)

Values per ISO 2768-1:1989 for untoleranced linear dimensions. The row for 6–30 mm is where most turned-part features fall.

Nominal range (mm)f — finem — mediumc — coarsev — very coarse
0.5 up to 3±0.05±0.1±0.2
over 3 up to 6±0.05±0.1±0.3±0.5
over 6 up to 30±0.1±0.2±0.5±1.0
over 30 up to 120±0.15±0.3±0.8±1.5
over 120 up to 400±0.2±0.5±1.2±2.5
over 400 up to 1000±0.3±0.8±2.0±4.0
over 1000 up to 2000±0.5±1.2±3.0±6.0
over 2000 up to 4000±2.0±4.0±8.0
Below 0.5 mm nominal, ISO 2768 does not assign a general tolerance — such dimensions must be toleranced individually on the drawing.
External Radii & Chamfer Heights (mm)
Rangef / mc / v
0.5 up to 3±0.2±0.4
over 3 up to 6±0.5±1.0
over 6±1.0±2.0
Angular Dimensions (by shorter leg, mm)
Lengthf / mcv
up to 10±1°±1°30′±3°
10 – 50±30′±1°±2°
50 – 120±20′±30′±1°
120 – 400±10′±15′±30′
over 400±5′±10′±20′
Section 03

How the tolerance bands grow with size

General tolerances widen in steps as the nominal dimension grows. For the ranges relevant to turned parts, the four classes separate clearly.

± mm 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.5–3 3–6 6–30 30–120 120–400 nominal dimension range (mm) f m c v → class v continues beyond the chart (±1.5 at 30–120, ±2.5 at 120–400)
Reading example: a Ø 25 mm untoleranced diameter under "2768-m" may measure 24.8–25.2 mm (±0.2). Under class f the same feature is held to ±0.1. Where that band is too generous — sealing faces, bearing seats, press-fits — the feature needs its own tolerance or an ISO 286 fit.
Section 04

Part 2 — geometric tolerances, classes H, K, L

Part 2 sets general limits for form and position where the drawing shows no geometric tolerance frame. Values in mm.

Straightness & Flatness (by nominal length of the longer side)
Classup to 1010–3030–100100–300300–10001000–3000
H0.020.050.10.20.30.4
K0.050.10.20.40.60.8
L0.10.20.40.81.21.6
Perpendicularity (shorter side length)
Class≤100100–300300–10001000–3000
H0.20.30.40.5
K0.40.60.81.0
L0.61.01.52.0
Symmetry (longer side length)
Class≤100100–300300–10001000–3000
H0.50.50.50.5
K0.60.60.81.0
L0.61.01.52.0
Circular Run-out

Single values per class — often the silently governing limit on turned parts

H0.1 mm
K0.2 mm
L0.5 mm

Applied wherever no run-out frame is drawn — worth checking before you assume a concentricity is "uncontrolled".

Section 05

ISO 2768 today: Part 1 lives, Part 2 was replaced

Still In Use

ISO 2768-1:1989 — linear & angular

Remains the working reference for general linear and angular tolerances and is still cited on new drawings worldwide. The f/m/c/v tables above are its complete published values.

Replaced

ISO 2768-2 → ISO 22081:2021

ISO 22081 replaces the general geometric tolerances of Part 2 — but deliberately publishes no fixed value tables. The designer states explicit general geometric specifications instead. Legacy drawings citing 2768-K/L remain valid to their original reference, so both systems coexist for years to come.

Practical consequence for buyers: on a new drawing, do not rely on "-K" habits — state the general geometric specification explicitly (per ISO 22081) or keep referencing ISO 2768-2 deliberately. Either is workable; ambiguity is not. Our engineering team reads both conventions daily and will flag conflicts at the quotation stage.
Brassland Practice on Brass

Class f is routine. Features that matter get real limits.

Class m is our default reading where a drawing carries no note; class f is comfortable on CNC-turned brass. Swiss-turned diameters to ±0.005 mm (Ø 2–32 mm), milled features typically ±0.01 mm — as individual tolerances, confirmed against your approved drawing and documented with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate per shipment.

Send a Drawing H7/g6 Calculator
Section 06

Frequently asked questions

What does ISO 2768-mK mean on a drawing?
It applies two sets of general tolerances to every dimension that has no individual tolerance: class m (medium) from ISO 2768-1 for linear and angular dimensions, and class K from ISO 2768-2 for geometric properties such as flatness, perpendicularity and run-out. The lower-case letter always refers to Part 1, the capital letter to Part 2.
What is the ISO 2768 medium tolerance for a 25 mm dimension?
±0.2 mm. In ISO 2768-1 class m, the range over 6 up to 30 mm carries a general tolerance of ±0.2 mm; class f would give ±0.1 mm and class c ±0.5 mm for the same dimension.
Does ISO 2768 apply to dimensions that already have a tolerance on the drawing?
No. General tolerances only cover dimensions without an individual tolerance. Any directly toleranced dimension, fit designation such as H7 or g6, or geometric tolerance frame on the drawing always overrides the general tolerance.
Is ISO 2768 still valid?
ISO 2768-1 (linear and angular general tolerances) remains in wide use and is still referenced on new drawings. ISO 2768-2 (general geometric tolerances) has been replaced by ISO 22081:2021, which no longer provides fixed value tables but instead lets the designer state general geometric specifications explicitly. Countless active drawings still cite 2768-mK, so both systems coexist in practice.
Which ISO 2768 class should I specify for machined brass parts?
For CNC-machined brass, class m (medium) is the workable default and class f (fine) is routinely achievable without special measures. Class c (coarse) suits castings-like or welded structures rather than precision turned parts. Where a feature genuinely matters — a sealing face, a bearing seat, a press-fit — give it an individual tolerance or an ISO 286 fit instead of relying on general tolerances.
What is the difference between ISO 2768 and ISO 286?
ISO 2768 provides blanket general tolerances for all untoleranced dimensions of a part. ISO 286 defines the fit system — tolerance classes like H7, g6 or js9 for specific mating diameters. They complement each other: general tolerances keep the drawing readable, ISO 286 fits control the features where function depends on precise limits.
Can Brassland hold tighter tolerances than ISO 2768 fine?
Yes. General tolerances are the baseline, not the capability limit. On Swiss-type lathes Brassland holds selected diameters to ±0.005 mm (Ø 2–32 mm bar work), and milled features are typically held to ±0.01 mm where the drawing requires it — specified as individual tolerances on the affected features, confirmed against the approved drawing.
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Sources & scope. Value tables per ISO 2768-1:1989 (general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions) and ISO 2768-2:1989 (general geometrical tolerances), cross-checked against published engineering references; status note per ISO 22081:2021. Provided as an engineering reference — the current official editions and your drawing govern.
Reference Library

Standard-by-standard deep dives

Dedicated reference pages with full value tables, diagrams and honest limits — one standard per page.

01
EN 10204 Certificates
2.1 · 2.2 · 3.1 · 3.2 — who signs what
02
ISO 2768 General Tolerances
Full f/m/c/v + H/K/L value tables
03
EN 12164 Machining Rod
The standard behind every turned part
04
ISO 6509 DZR Test
1% CuCl₂ · 75°C · 24 h — explained
05
EN 12165 Forging Stock
Stock → forge → EN 12420 → machining