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Brass Alloy Selection Guide

Compare machinability, DZR rating, RoHS status, and workability across 19 documented alloys. Decision guide for engineers and procurement teams.

19 Alloys 6 Families EN 12164 / EN 12165 ISO 9001 Certified
QUICK DECISION GUIDE

What's your application?

01 / POTABLE WATER & DZR
Drinking water contact, corrosion-resistant fittings?
You need dezincification-resistant alloys of the kind used in WRAS-, DVGW- and ACS-listed products, or lead-free grades for US NSF 372 limits. Product approval is certified at fitting level by the manufacturer.
02 / HIGH VOLUME CNC
Mass production, tight tolerances, fast cycle times?
Leaded free-machining brasses deliver the highest machinability ratings—up to 100%—minimising tool wear and maximising throughput on Swiss-turn and CNC lines.
03 / RoHS / LEAD-FREE
Electronics, drinking water, or EU RoHS-restricted markets?
Lead-free brasses meet RoHS 2, REACH, and NSF 61 requirements. Slightly lower machinability is offset by regulatory freedom and expanding market access.
MACHINABILITY INDEX

Relative Machinability (CW614N = 100% reference)

All 19 documented grades, ranked against the CW614N reference. Higher = faster cutting speeds, lower tool wear, better surface finish. UNS twins (violet) carry their EN equivalent’s rating; C46400 and C14500 per their own datasheets.

CW614N CZ121 / C3601
100%
100%
C36000 UNS · ≡CW614N class
100%
100%
CW617N CZ122 / C3604
95%
95%
C14500 Tellurium copper
85%
85%
CW625N CZ132
80%
80%
CW612N CZ124
75%
75%
C37700 UNS · ≡CW612N
75%
75%
CW607N CZ108
70%
70%
CW602N CZ132 DZR
65%
65%
C35330 UNS · ≈CW602N
65%
65%
CW724R DZR LF
60%
60%
C69300 UNS · ≡CW724R
60%
60%
CW510L CZ110
55%
55%
CuZn37 CZ107
50%
50%
CuZn40 CZ109
45%
45%
C27450 LF Brass
40%
40%
C6802 NSF 372 LF
35%
35%
C46400 Naval brass
30%
30%
C11000 ETP Copper
20%
20%
PROPERTY COMPARISON

Key Properties at a Glance

●●●●● = Excellent   ● = Poor

Alloy Machine DZR RoHS Hot Cold
CW617N●●●●●NoNoYesLtd
CW614N●●●●●NoNoYesLtd
CW625N●●●●NoNoYesLtd
CW602N●●●●YesNoYesLtd
CW724R●●●YesYesYesLtd
CW612N●●●●NoNoYesYes
CW607N●●●●NoNoYesYes
CW510L●●●NoYesNoYes
CuZn37●●●NoYesNoYes
CuZn40●●●NoYesYesYes
C27450●●NoYesNoYes
C6802●●YesYesNoYes
C11000YesYesNoYes

Six UNS grades are documented as direct twins of EN alloys in the matrix and share their ratings — C36000 (≈CW614N class), C37700 (≡CW612N), C35330 (≈CW602N), C69300 (≡CW724R), plus C46400 naval brass and C14500 tellurium copper. Full data on each datasheet.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Composition of all 19 alloys

Nominal composition in weight %, per EN 12164/12165, ASTM B371 and ASTM B187. Zinc is the balance ("rem" = remainder) in every brass. Green Pb = lead-free / low-lead (≤0.1%). Click an alloy for the full datasheet with mechanical properties and tolerances.

AlloyDesignationCu %Zn %Pb %Other key elementsStandard
CW617NCuZn40Pb257–59rem1.6–2.5Fe ≤0.3, Ni ≤0.3EN 12164
CW614NCuZn39Pb357–59rem2.5–3.5Fe ≤0.3, Ni ≤0.3EN 12164
CW625NCuZn38Pb259–62rem1.5–2.5Fe ≤0.3EN 12164
CW602NCuZn36Pb2As61–63rem1.5–2.5As 0.02–0.15 (DZR inhibitor)EN 12164
CW724RCuZn21Si3P75–78rem≤0.10Si 2.7–3.5, P 0.02–0.15 (lead-free DZR)EN 12164
CW612NCuZn38Pb1.559–62rem1.0–2.0Fe ≤0.3EN 12164
CW607NCuZn36Pb262–64rem1.5–2.5Fe ≤0.3 (no arsenic)EN 12164
CW510LCuZn4257–59rem≤0.10Fe ≤0.3 (forging grade)EN 12165
CuZn37CW508L · alpha brass62–64rem≤0.10Fe ≤0.1 (cold-forming)EN 1652
CuZn40CW509L · Muntz59–62rem≤0.10Fe ≤0.3EN 12164
C27450UNS yellow brass62–64rem≤0.10Fe ≤0.3ASTM / UNS
C6802Cu–Si silicon brass80–83rem≤0.09Si 3.0–4.5, Mn ≤0.5 (lead-free DZR)ASTM B371
C11000Cu-ETP (pure copper)≥99.90≤0.005O ~0.04; ≈100% IACS conductivityASTM B187

Values are nominal specification ranges for guidance; for a specific lot, request an EN 10204 3.1 mill certificate with your order. Full per-element min/max/typical tables are on each alloy datasheet.

HOT vs COLD WORKABILITY

Formability by Alloy

Relative capability for hot forging and cold forming operations.

Hot Working
Cold Working
CW617N
Excellent
Ltd
CW614N
Good
Ltd
CW602N
Good
Ltd
CW724R
Good
Mod
CW612N
Good
Good
CuZn40
Mod
Good
CW510L
No
Excellent
C11000
No
Excellent
QUALITY ASSURANCE

ISO 9001 Material Traceability

Every alloy batch is spectrometer-verified and shipped with full mill certs and third-party test reports on request.

View Certifications
ALLOY FAMILIES

Browse by Material Family

All 19 documented alloys, grouped the way buyers actually choose them. Every tag opens the full datasheet.

Leaded Free-Machining

Highest machinability — the workhorses of high-volume CNC and Swiss-turn production. Leaded; not for potable water.

DZR & Potable-Water

Dezincification-resistant per ISO 6509 — built for potable and hot-water systems. End-product approvals rest with the fitting maker.

Lead-Free & Silicon Brass

For low-lead programmes — NSF 372 / EU DWD limits by design. Silicon grades machine nearly as well as leaded brass.

Forging & Hot-Working

Alpha-beta brasses that flow under the hammer — forged blanks, then machined to finish. The fittings standard.

Forming, Naval & Engineering

Cold-formable and corrosion-duty grades — deep-drawn parts, stamped components and marine service.

Copper & High-Conductivity

Near-pure copper for current-carrying parts — EV terminals, busbar components and connector pins.

BY APPLICATION

Alloy Selection by Service Environment

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FAQ

Choosing a brass alloy — common questions

What is the most machinable brass?
CW614N (CuZn39Pb3, ~3% lead) is the most machinable brass — the 100% benchmark. CW617N (CuZn40Pb2, ~2% lead) is close behind at about 95%. The best lead-free option is CW724R at roughly 80%.
What is the best lead-free brass?
CW724R silicon brass — lead 0.1% or less, so it is RoHS compliant without exemption, dezincification-resistant, and the most machinable of the lead-free DZR grades (~80%).
Which brass should be used for potable (drinking) water?
For EU/UK potable water, CW724R is the usual choice — DZR and widely used in WRAS-, KIWA-, DVGW- and ACS-listed products. For the US and Canada, C6802 meets the 0.25% wetted-lead limit of NSF 372 / AB 1953. Product-level approval rests with the fitting maker. See the plumbing application guide.
Which brass or copper has the highest electrical conductivity?
C11000 electrolytic tough-pitch copper, at about 100% IACS, is the highest-conductivity choice and the standard for busbars and high-current contacts. Common brasses conduct roughly 25–28% IACS.
What is the difference between CW617N and CW614N?
CW614N (CuZn39Pb3) carries more lead (~3%), making it the most machinable brass — the 100% benchmark. CW617N (CuZn40Pb2, ~2% lead) is the most widely used general-purpose free-machining and forging brass, at about 95% — compare them in the materials library.
Sources & References

Verify against the primary source

Composition ranges, mechanical properties, machinability ratings and regulatory data on this page are cross-referenced against the publishers below. Always confirm any data point against the current published edition at the official source.

Last reviewed: June 2026 · maintained by the Brassland editorial team. EN/ISO/ASTM standards and EU regulations are updated periodically; for contract-critical work, always verify against the current published edition. For supplier-specific composition windows, request a Type 3.1 mill certificate (EN 10204) with your order.