Application Guide 04

HVAC &
Refrigeration

Brass alloy selection for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems — refrigerant compatibility, thermal performance, and pressure ratings.

Refrigerant Compatible Valve Bodies · Manifolds Pressure Rated
Why Brass in HVAC/R

The Material of Choice

Brass dominates HVAC/R fittings and valve bodies for three reasons: it machines exceptionally well (critical for high-volume valve body production), it has excellent corrosion resistance to refrigerants and refrigerant oils, and it maintains mechanical integrity across the wide temperature range of HVAC systems (-40°C to +150°C).

Refrigerant compatibility: Brass is compatible with HFCs (R-134a, R-410A, R-32), HCFCs, and HFOs. It is not recommended with ammonia (R-717) — use steel or aluminium for ammonia systems.
Temperature range: Brass retains ductility and seal integrity across -40°C to +150°C continuous service, covering all commercial refrigeration and HVAC applications.
Ammonia note: Brass is attacked by ammonia (R-717) — never use copper-based alloys in ammonia refrigeration systems. Specify steel or aluminium.
Top Alloys

HVAC/R Grade Ranking

CW617NValve bodies, manifolds — primary grade
CW625NFittings needing cold-work or forming
CW602NDZR where water-side exposure present
C11000Tube, heat exchangers, condenser fins
New Refrigerants

HFOs & Low-GWP

Newer low-GWP refrigerants (R-1234yf, R-1234ze, R-454B) are generally compatible with brass. Verify with refrigerant supplier's compatibility data — some HFO blends have slightly different oil chemistry. Standard brass alloys (CW617N, CW625N) are broadly compatible.

Application Matrix

HVAC/R Components — Alloy Recommendations

ComponentRecommended AlloyKey RequirementNotes
Ball valve body (refrigerant)CW617NMachinability, refrigerant compat.Standard grade for refrigerant ball valves
Expansion valve bodyCW617NPrecision machining, dimensional accuracyHigh-tolerance CNC; R360 or R430 temper
Manifold gauge bodyCW617NPressure rating, machinabilityTypically hot-forged then CNC-finished
Compression fittings (water side)CW602NDZR for hard water circuitsChiller and cooling tower water-side
Flare fittingsCW625NFormability for flare deformationHigher Cu (59–62%) → better cold-work
Tube (heat exchanger)C11000Thermal conductivity 390 W/(m·K)Standard for condenser/evaporator tube
Condenser finsC11000Conductivity + formabilityAluminium fins more common; Cu used in premium
Service valve bodyCW617NSchrader valve compatibilitySchrader cores in brass are standard
Heat Transfer

Copper vs Brass Tube

For heat exchanger tube, C11000 copper tube is far superior to brass — thermal conductivity 390 W/(m·K) vs ~123 W/(m·K) for CW617N. Brass tube is used only where structural requirements outweigh thermal needs.

Condenser and evaporator tube is almost always C11000 (CW004A / EN 1057). Brass is used for fittings, valve bodies, and manifolds — not the heat-transfer tube itself.
Water-Side Corrosion

DZR for Chiller Circuits

Chiller and cooling tower water-side components (water-cooled condensers, cooling coils) are exposed to potentially aggressive water. DZR brass is required for pressure-bearing fittings on the water side.

Use CW602N (established DZR grade, leaded) or CW724R (lead-free DZR, preferred for new designs) for water-side fittings in chiller systems.
R-32 & High-Pressure

Pressure Considerations

R-32 and R-410A operate at higher pressures than older refrigerants. Valve bodies and fittings must be rated accordingly. Specify temper R430 (Rm ≥ 430 MPa) or consider CW724R (Rm 450–600 MPa) for higher-pressure applications.

Always confirm pressure ratings against EN 378-2 (Refrigerating systems and heat pumps — Safety and environmental requirements) or the applicable national standard.
HVAC Brass Components

Valve bodies. Manifolds. Fittings.

Hot-forged and CNC-machined HVAC/R brass components from Jamnagar — refrigerant-grade alloys, pressure-tested, export-ready.

Get a Quote CW617N Datasheet
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FAQ

HVAC & refrigeration brass — common questions

Which brass is used for refrigerant valve bodies and manifolds?
Free-machining and forging brasses such as CW617N (forged valve bodies) and CW625N (manifolds) are the established choice for HVAC/R, with a long track record in pressure-bearing refrigerant components.
Is brass compatible with modern refrigerants like R410A, R32 and R290?
Yes. Copper and brass are standard for HFC, HFO and hydrocarbon refrigerants such as R410A, R32 and R290. The exception is ammonia (R717), which is not compatible with copper or brass — steel is used for ammonia systems.
Which alloy is used for chilled-water and aggressive-water systems?
Dezincification-resistant CW602N (DZR) is used where chilled or aggressive water could leach zinc from standard brass, preventing dezincification failure.
Copper or brass for refrigerant lines and fittings?
C11000 copper tube is standard for refrigerant lines, while machined brass is used for the valve bodies, flare fittings and connectors that join them.
From Guide to Production

Need HVAC/R parts made?

This guide covers alloy selection. To have components machined to your drawing, see the matching manufacturing page:

Sources & References

Verify this datasheet against the primary source

Composition ranges, mechanical properties, machinability ratings and regulatory data on this page are cross-referenced against the publishers below. Tolerances and minimum values are taken from the relevant published standard at the time of writing — for procurement specification, always reference the current published edition.

Copper Development Association
CDA alloy database — composition & properties
European Copper Institute
Copper Alliance EU — alloy designation system
MatWeb
Independent material property database
SteelNumber.com
EN material designation cross-reference
CEN / CENELEC
EN 12164, EN 12165, EN 12167, EN 12420
ASTM International
ASTM B16, B124, B283, B371 specifications
ISO 6509-1:2014
Dezincification test method (CuCl₂)
EU RoHS Directive 2011/65
Annex III Exemption 6(c) — valid to 30 Jun 2027
ECHA REACH SVHC List
Lead is on the candidate list (Article 33)
WRAS (UK)
Water Regulations Advisory Scheme approval search
NSF/ANSI/CAN 61
Drinking water system components (US/CA)
Brassland — Standards Guide
Plain-English explainer for every standard above

Last reviewed: May 2026. EN/ISO/ASTM standards are updated periodically. This datasheet reflects the editions listed; for safety-critical or contract-critical applications, always verify against the current published edition of the standard. For project-specific deviations or supplier-specific composition windows, request a Type 3.1 mill certificate (EN 10204) with your order.